: Before you start writing, outline the key points you want to cover. This might include history, features, impact, or any relevant details.
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3.2. **Adaptive Learning Engine (ALE)** - **Model Family:** Online Gradient‑Boosted Decision Trees (OGBDT) [12]. - **Concept‑Drift Detector:** ADWIN (Adaptive Windowing) [13] with drift‑sensitivity λ = 0.05. - **Update Rule:** For each incoming record *xₜ*, compute gradient *gₜ*, update leaf statistics, and optionally prune stale trees. : Before you start writing, outline the key